Miscellaneous Points of Benefit from Ibn al-Qayyim رحمه الله
1) Six Ettiquettes of Learning [2]
Ibn al-Qayyim[1] - rahimahuLlah- said: “There are six stages to
knowledge: Firstly: Asking questions in a good manner. Secondly:
Remaining quiet and listening attentively. Thirdly: Understanding well.
Fourthly: Memorising. Fifthly: Teaching. Sixthly- and it is its fruit:
Acting upon the knowledge and keeping to its limits.” [3]
2) Fruits of Humility
Ibn al-Qayyim - rahimahuLlah - said: [4] One of the Salaf (Pious
Predecessors) said: “Indeed a servant commits a sin by which he enters
Paradise; and another does a good deed by which he enters the Fire.” It
was asked: How is that? So he replied: “The one who committed the sin,
constantly thinks about it; which causes him to fear it, regret it, weep
over it and feel ashamed in front of his Lord - the Most High - due to
it. He stands before Allah, broken-hearted and with his head lowered in
humility. So this sin is more beneficial to him than doing many acts of
obedience, since it caused him to have humility and humbleness - which
leads to the servant’s happiness and success - to the extent that this
sin becomes the cause for him entering Paradise. As for the doer of
good, then he does not consider this good a favour from his Lord Upon
him. Rather, he becomes arrogant and amazed with himself, saying: I have
achieved such and such, and such and such . So this further increases
him in self adulation, pride and arrogance - such that this becomes the
cause for his destruction.”
3) Purifying the Heart
Ibn al-Qayyim - rahimahuLlah- said: “There is no doubt that the heart
becomes covered with rust, just as metal dishes - silver, and their
like - become rusty. So the rust of the heart is polished with dhikr
(remembrance of Allah), for dhikr polishes the heart until it becomes
like a shiny mirror. However, when dhikr is abandoned, the rust returns;
and when it commences then the heart again begins to be cleansed. Thus
the heart becoming rusty is due to two matters: sins and ahafah
(neglecting remembrance of Allah ). Likewise, it is cleansed and
polished by two things : istighfaar (seeking Allah’s forgiveness) and
dhikr.” [5]
4) Jihad Against the Self
Jihad (striving) against the soul has four stages:
Firstly: To strive in learning guidance and the religion of truth,
without which there will be no success. Indeed, there can be no true
happiness, nor any delight in this world and in the Hereafter, except
through it.
Secondly: Striving to act upon what has been learnt, since knowledge without action will not benefit, rather it will cause harm.
Thirdly: Striving to invite others towards it and to teach those who do
not know, otherwise he may be considered from those who hide what Allah
has revealed of guidance and clear explanation. Such knowledge will
neither benefit, nor save a person from the punishment of Allah.
Fourthly: Striving to be patient and persevering against those who
oppose this da'wah (call) to Allah and those who seek to cause harm -
patiently bearing all these hardships for the sake of Allah.
When these four stages are completed then such a person is considered to
be amongst the Rabbaniyyun. The Salaf agreed that a Scholar does not
deserve the title of Rabbani until he recognises and knows the truth,
acts upon it, and teaches it to others. So whosoever has knowledge, acts
upon it, and teaches this knowledge to others, is considered from the
Rabbaniyyun.“[6]
5) Trials of the Heart
Ibn al-Qayyim said, whilst commenting upon the following hadeeth:
"Trials and tribulations will be presented to hearts, as a reed mat is
interwoven stick by stick. Any heart which absorbs these trials will
have a black mark put in it. However, any heart that rejects them will
have a white mark put in it. The result is that hearts will be of two
kinds: one white like a white stone, which will not be harmed by trials
as long as the heavens and earth endure; and the other dark and rusty,
like an over-turned vessel; not able to recognise the good, nor reject
evil, but rather being absorbed with its desires.”[7]
“The fitan (trials) which are presented to the hearts - and which are
the cause of its weakness - are: [i] the trials relating to shahwah
(false desire) and (ii) the trials relating to shubhah (doubt)… so the
first causes intentions and desires to be corrupted, whilst the second
causes knowledge and beliefs to be corrupted”. [8] Speaking about such
trials, he - rahimahuLlah - said: “Hearts - when exposed to such fitan
(trials) - are of two types:
[The first type]: a heart, which, when exposed to such trials, absorbs
it like a sponge that soaks-up water, leaving in it a black stain. Such a
heart continues to soak-up the various trials that are presented to it,
until it becomes dark and corrupted - which is what is meant by "an
over-turned vessel. "So when this occurs, two dangerous and deadly
diseases take hold of it and plunge it into destruction:
Firstly: confusing good with evil, so it neither recognises the good,
nor rejects the evil. This disease may take hold of it to such an extent
that it believes good to be evil; and evil to be good, Sunnah to be
bid'ah (innovation); and innovations to be the Sunnah. and the truth to
be falsehood: and falsehood the truth.
Secondly: judging by its whims and desires, over and against what
Allah’s Messenger sallAllahu ‘alayhi wa sallam came with being enslaved
by its whims and desires and being led by them also.
[The second type]: a white heart in which the light of Iman is bright
and its radiance is illuminating. So when trials are presented to such a
heart, it rejects and turns away from them. This further increases its
light and illumination and its strength.”[9]
6) Four Principles of Worship
“(The Ayah): "You alone do we worship.” [Surah Al-Fatihah 1:5] is
built upon four principles:- Ascertaining what Allah and His Messenger
love and are pleased with, from (i) the sayings of the heart and [ii] of
the tongue; and (iii) the actions of the heart and [iv] of the limbs.
So al-'ubudiyyah (servitude and slavery to Allah) is a comprehensive
term for all these four Stages. The one who actualises them has indeed
actualised: “You alone do we worship.”
The saying of the heart: It is i'tiqad (belief) in what Allah - the Most
Perfect - informed about His Self; concerning His Names, His
Attributes, His Actions, His Angels, and all that He sent upon the
tongue of His Messenger sallAllaahu 'alayhi wa sallam.
The saying of the tongue: It is to inform and convey (what Allah has
revealed), to call to it, defend it, to explain the false innovations
which oppose it, to establish its remembrance and to convey what it
orders.
The action of the heart: Such as love for Him, reliance upon Him,
repenting to Him, having fear and hope in Him, making the Deen purely
and sincerely for Him, having patience in what He orders and prohibits,
having patience with what He decrees and being pleased with it, having
allegiance and enmity for His sake, humbling oneself in front of Him and
having humility in front of Him, becoming tranquil with Him and other
than this from the actions of the heart which are actually connected to
the action of the limbs … and actions of the limbs without the action of
the heart is of little benefit if any benefit at all.
The action of the limbs: Such as Prayer and Jihad, attending the Jumu'ah
and being with the Jama'ah, aiding those who are unable and displaying
goodness and kindness to the creation, and other than this.“ [10]
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Footnotes:
1. He is Abu 'Abdullah, Shamsud Deen Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr better
known as Ibn al-Qayyim (or ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah). He was born in the
year 691H in the city of Damascus. From an early age he set about
acquiring knowledge and studied under many prominent teachers, the most
notable of whom was Shaykhul-lslam Ibn Taymiyyah. His students include
the likes of Ibn Katheer, adh-Dhahabi, Ibn Rajab, Ibn 'Abdul-Hadi and
others. He authored over ninety books and booklets - all of them being
characterised by their touching address to the soul and the heart, as
well, as their accuracy, precision and depth of research. Ibn al-Qayyim
died on the night of Thursday 13th Rajab at the time of the 'Isha adhan
in the year 751H. Testaments about his comprehensive knowledge, firm
adherence to the way of the Salaf; excellent manners, worship and zuhd
have been given by Al-Hafidh Ibn Hajar in ad-Dururul-Kaaminah (3/400),
Al-Hafidh Ibn Rajab in Dhayl Tabaqaatul-Hanaabilah(2/447), ash-Shawkaani
in al-Badrut-Taali’(2/143-146) and also Al-Hafidh Ibn Katheer who said
about him in al-Bidaayah wan-Nihaayah (14/246): "He attained great
proficiency in many branches of knowledge, particularly knowledge of
Tafseer, Hadeeth and Usool. When Shaykh Taqiyyud-Deen Ibn Taymiyyah
returned from Egypt in the year 712H, he stayed with the Shaykh until he
died, learning a great deal of knowledge from him; along with the
knowledge which he had already occupied himself in obtaining. So he
became a singular Scholar in many branches of knowledge. He also
continued to seek knowledge greatly day and night and was constant in
humbly calling upon his Lord. He recited well and had fine manners. He
had a great deal of love and did not harbour any envy for anyone, nor
harm anyone, nor seek to find fault with anyone, nor bear any malice
towards anyone. I was one of those who most often kept company with him
and I was one of the most beloved of people to him. I do not know anyone
in the world, in this time, who is a greater worshipper than him. His
Salah (Prayer) used to be very lengthy, with prolonged ruku’ (bowing)
and sujud (prostration). His companions would often reproach him for
this, yet he never retorted back, nor did he abandon this practice - may
Allah shower His Mercy upon him.”
2. The following are some points of benefit - extracted from the
various works of the Shaykh pertaining to purification of the souls and
curing the diseases of the hearts.
3. Miftaah Daarus-Sa 'aadah ( p.283).
4. Al-Waabilus-Sayyib minal-Kalimit-Tayyib ( p. 15).
5. Al-Waabilus-Sayyib (p.80).
6. Zaad ul-Ma'aad fi Hadee Khayril-'Ibaad (pp.9- 11) .
7. Related by Muslim (no.144), from Hudhaifah radhiAllahu 'anhu.
8. Ighaathatul-Luhfaan ( p.40).
9. Ighaathatul-Luhfaan (pp. 39-40).
10. Madaanjus-Saalikeen(1/100-101).